Objective To explore the application effect of discharge planning combined with structured education on young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 100 young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to Zhucheng People′s Hospital between May and September 2024 were selected as the research subjects. They were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group using the random number table method. Both groups received conventional treatment and care, while the observation group was additionally implemented a discharge plan combined with structured educational intervention. After the intervention, the self-management abilities and blood glucose levels were compared between the two groups. Results After the intervention, the self-management ability score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (t=-6.765, P<0.001), while the fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin were all significantly lower than the latter(t=2.989, P=0.004; t=2.945, P=0.004; t=3.059, P=0.003). Conclusion The application of discharge planning combined with structured education in young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes can improve the blood glucose control level of patients and enhance their self-management ability.

Objective To explore the application effect of step walking training combined with ankle pump exercise in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods A total of 82 DPN patients admitted to the First People′s Hospital of Jiujiang between July 2023 and February 2025 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, each of 41, according to a random number table. Both groups received conventional treatment for diabetes and ankle pump exercise intervention, while the observation group was additionally provided with step walking training. The degree of peripheral neuropathy, gait regulation ability and balance function were compared between the two groups. Results After the intervention, the peripheral neuropathy score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (t=14.927, P<0.001), and the numbers of people with abnormal whole-foot pressure change curves, abnormal whole-foot balance curves, and abnormal plantar pressure center trajectory curves were smaller than the latter (χ²=4.473, P=0.034;χ²=3.989, P=0.046; χ²=3.951, P=0.047). Moreover, the timing-standing test time of the former group was shorter than that of the control group (t=14.927, P<0.001), while the single-leg standing test time with eyes closed and the single-leg standing test time with eyes open were both longer than the latter(t=-11.096, P<0.001; t=-7.434, P<0.001). Conclusion The application of step walking training combined with ankle pump exercise in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy can reduce the degree of peripheral neuropathy in patients, relieve abnormal gait and improve balance function.

Objective To investigate the frailty status of elderly patients with diabetic retinopathy and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide a reference for the early identification of high-risk groups as well as the delay or reduction of frailty occurrence. Methods A total of 204 elderly patients with diabetic retinopathy and admitted to Baoding First Central Hospital from January to May 2025 were selected as the research subjects. They were surveyed using the Tilburg frailty scale, the social support rating scale, the mini mental state examination, the geriatric depression scale-15, and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Results The incidence of frailty in elderly patients with diabetic retinopathy was 41.18%. Gender, age, marital status, sleep quality, depression, cognitive function and exercise status were the influencing factors. Conclusion Frailty is relatively common among elderly patients with diabetic retinopathy. Medical staff should pay more attention to this population to provide references for early identification, prevention and the formulation of individualized intervention plans.

Objective To construct an evaluation index system for evaluating the quality of venous thromboembolism care for critically ill patients, so as to provide reference for the future evaluation and improvement. Methods Based on the three-dimensional quality structure theory, the original indicator pool was established after literature review. Then an expert questionnaire was prepared after the initial indicators were drafted and discussed by the research team. Delphi method expert consultation was adopted to construct the evaluation index system for the quality of venous thrombosis care in critically ill patients. Results The system constructed contained 3 first-level indexes,6 second-level and 37 third-level indexes. The positive coefficients for the 2 rounds of expert consultation were 100% and 91.4%. Moreover, their coefficients of authority were 0.854 and 0.863, while those of Kendall′s coefficient of concordance were 0.213 and 0.235(P＜0.001 for both). Conclusion The index system established in this study is scientific and reliable, and can provide a reference for the evaluation and improvement of the nursing quality in venous thrombosis care for critically ill patients.

Objective To explore the application effect of hierarchical responsibility nursing model based on process optimization on patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods Between February 2023 and April 2024, 92 patients with acute cerebral infarction in Xuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected and divided into a routine group and an intervention group, each of 46, according to a random number table. The routine group was given routine nursing, while the intervention group was provided with hierarchical responsibility nursing based on process optimization. The success rate of emergency rescue and first aid efficiency of the two groups were observed, and the recovery of nerve function and limb function, as well as the complication rate of patients were compared between the two groups. Results The success rate of emergency rescue in the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group (χ²=6.035, P=0.014). Moreover, compared to the control group, the intervention group had significantly shorter time from admission to treatment, from treatment to diagnosis, and from diagnosis to thrombolysis (t=10.440, P<0.001;t=11.958, P<0.001; t=18.711, P<0.001). After intervention, the national institutes of health stroke scale score in the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group(t=5.415, P<0.001), while the Fugl-Meyer assessment score was significantly higher than the latter(t=-3.069, P=0.003). Meanwhile, the incidence of complications in the former group was significantly lower than the latter (χ²=8.111, P=0.004). Conclusion The application of hierarchical responsibility nursing based on process optimization can help to improve the success rate and emergency rescue efficiency of patients with acute cerebral infarction, as well as the recovery of neurological and limb function, and prevent related complications.

Objective To explore the application effect of different bowel preparation programs in infant colonoscopy. Methods A total of 120 infants who underwent colonoscopy in the digestive endoscopy center of the People′s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in years from 2021 to 2024 were selected as the research objects. They were randomly divided into group A, group B and group C, with 40 cases in each group. Group A was treated with physiological saline bowel preparation program, group B was done with Kaisailu combined with physiological saline bowel preparation program, and group C was given dimethicone in addition to the bowel preparation program of group B. The intestinal cleaning effect, intestinal defoaming effect, tolerance and incidence of adverse reactions were compared among the three groups. Results The intestinal cleaning effect was significant differences among the three groups(Z=11.537, P=0.003), with that of group B and group C significantly better than group A (P=0.007; P=0.002), but no significant differences between group B and group C (P=0.660). Moreover, there were significant difference in the intestinal defoaming effect among the three groups (Z=39.847, P＜0.001), with that of group C significantly superior to group A (P＜0.001) and group B (P＜0.001). Meanwhile, significant differences were found among the three groups in tolerance (Z=9.565,P=0.008), with that of group C significantly better than group A(P=0.004) and group B (P=0.014). Furthermore, the incidence of abdominal distension was significant differences among the three groups(χ²=8.750,P=0.013), with that of group C was significantly lower than group A (P=0.003) and group B (P=0.012). Conclusion Kaisailu and dimethicone bowel preparation program can improve the quality of bowel preparation in infants and toddler, reduce the incidence of abdominal distension, and increase the tolerance of bowel preparation. It can provide references for clinical practice of bowel preparation in infant and toddler colonoscopy.

Objective To explore the effect of introducing hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) theory in the nursing care of hemodialysis patients with diabetic renal failure. Methods A total of 100 hemodialysis patients with diabetic renal failure admitted to Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2020 to August 2023 were selected and randomly divided into two groups, with 50 patients in each group. The control group received routine nursing care, while the study group received nursing care incorporating HACCP theory at the basis of the control group. The self-perceived burden, renal function and incidence of dialysis-related complications were compared between the two groups. Results After the intervention, the self-perceived burden score in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (t=5.178, P<0.001). Additionally, all renal function indicators in the study group were superior to those in the control group (all P<0.05). The incidence of dialysis-related complications in the study group was also significantly lower than that in the control group (χ²=5.741, P=0.017). Conclusion The introduction of HACCP theory in the nursing care for hemodialysis patients with diabetic renal failure can improve renal function, alleviate self-perceived burden and reduce dialysis-related complications.

Objective To explore the application effect of Fire Dragon Cupping therapy in patients with constipation after thoracolumbar fracture surgery based on the theory of teapot lifting and lid-lifting. Methods By using the convenience sampling method, 68 patients with constipation after thoracolumbar fracture surgery and admitted to the department of orthopedics of Shenzhen Hospital(Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine between June 2024 and February 2025 were selected as the research objects. They were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, each of 34, according to a random number table. Both groups were given conventional treatment and postoperative care for thoracolumbar fractures, while the observation group was additionally treated with Fire Dragon Cupping therapy. The constipation symptom scores and life quality of the two groups were compared. Results After intervention, the constipation symptom score and the score of patient assessment of constipation quality of life questionnaire in the observation group were both significantly lower than those of the control group (t=8.194, P<0.001; t=9.143, P<0.001). Conclusion The therapy in this study can alleviate the related symptoms of constipation in patients and improve their life quality, it′s worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective To construct a training program for clinical communication skills of junior nurses, so as to provide a reference for improving their communication skills. Methods Based on literature research and semi-structured interviews, the training program was initially drafted. Two rounds of expert letter consultation were conducted using the Delphi method, and the final training program was determined. Results The response of the experts in the two rounds of expert inquiries was 100% and 95.45% respectively, with the authority coefficients of 0.896 and 0.883 respectively, and the Kendall harmony coefficients of 0.180 and 0.213 respectively. The final training program included 5 first-level items, 14 second-level items and 46 third-level items, namely training objectives, training instructors, training methods, training contents and training evaluation. Conclusion The training program for clinical communication skills of junior nurses constructed in this study is scientific and practical, and can provide an effective reference basis for the training of clinical communication skills of junior nurses.

Objective To systematically retrieve, analyze and summarize the evidence of exercise rehabilitation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,in order to provide a reference for the practice of exercise rehabilitation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Methods According to the“6S”model of the evidence pyramid,articles on exercise rehabilitation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were searched from guideline websites,domestic and foreign databases and professional society websites with the time setting from the inception of the database till May 31, 2025, including guidelines, expert consensus, clinical decisions, systematic reviews, evidence summaries and randomized controlled trials. Results A total of 11 articles were included, including 4 guidelines, 1 expert consensus, 2 clinical decisions, 2 systematic reviews and 2 randomized controlled trials. A total of 23 pieces of evidence were summarized from 5 aspects, consisting of pre-exercise evaluation, exercise type and intensity, exercise safety, exercise follow-up,and multidisciplinary collaborative management. Conclusion This study summarizes the best evidence of exercise rehabilitation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It is suggested that clinical medical staff should develop appropriate training programs according to the patient′s condition and exercise adaptability, and monitor and evaluate the rehabilitation effect regularly.

Objective To summarize evidence on puerperal care for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), so as to provide references for puerperal care of PCOS patients. Methods Articles related to PCOS nursing during puerperal care were searched from databases including CNKI,China Medical Journal Database, Wanfang Database, Cochrane Library, PubMed, UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, the International Guideline Collaboration Network and Medlive. The search period ranged from database inception to October 30, 2024. Two nursing postgraduate students evaluated the quality of included articles, extracted and synthesized evidence. Results A total of 12 articles were included: 2 guidelines, 5 expert consensuses, 1 clinical practice, 1 systematic review, 2 evidence summaries and 1 randomized controlled trial. Twenty pieces of evidence were formulated in eight domains of postpartum assessment,psychological care,thrombosis prevention,blood glucose and blood pressure management, breastfeeding, postpartum contraception, nutritional interventions, exercise intervention. Conclusion This study comprehensively and scientifically synthesised the best evidence for postpartum care in PCOS patients, offering an evidence-based foundation for healthcare professionals. Therefore, it is worthy of application and promotion in the clinical practice.

Objective To analyze and clarify the conceptual connotation of spiritual care for cancer patients, so as to provide a theoretical reference for nursing research and practice. Methods Studies on spiritual care were systematically searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Psychological Information Database (PsycINFO), covering the period from database inception to February 2025. A total of 65 articles were included and analyzed using Rodgers′ evolutionary concept analysis framework. Results Spiritual care for cancer patients encompasses four core attributes: patient-centered care, identification and response to spiritual needs, meaning reconstruction and transcendental connection, as well as integrative and multidisciplinary collaboration. Its antecedents included heightened awareness and understanding of patients′ spiritual needs, reflection on the traditional biomedical model and the rise of the holistic care concept, as well as academic promotion of the spiritual care across multiple disciplines. Moreover, the consequences were reflected in the improvement of the overall life quality of patients and their family members. Conclusion Spiritual care is a patient-centered, integrative care model that aims to identify and address the profound spiritual needs arising from illness through multidisciplinary collaboration. It assists patients in reconstructing life meaning and establishing transcendent connections, ultimately achieving holistic well-being of body, mind, and spirit. Spiritual care is of significant importance in the nursing of cancer patients, as it not only helps healthcare professionals better understand and implement such care but also guides the development and optimization of interventions, thereby enhancing their life quality.

This article summarizes the nursing experience of a patient with extremely preterm caused by uterine and bladder rupture due to invasive placenta accreta. The main points of nursing care include preoperative differential diagnosis and nursing, nursing for special medication, emergency treatment under multidisciplinary collaboration, postoperative support nursing, nursing for infection prevention and personalized psychological nursing. After multi-disciplinary collaborative treatment and meticulous care, the outcomes of both the mother and the baby were favorable.

Niemann-Pick disease (NPC) often leads to feeding difficulties in affected children due to hepatosplenomegaly and abnormal digestive tract anatomy. Traditional nasogastric tubes are prone to causing aspiration, while gastroscopy-guided catheterization is highly invasive. This article reports the case of a 1-year-11-month-old child with NPC and digestive system anatomical abnormalities who underwent bedside nasojejunal tube placement assisted by magnetic navigation technology. Using electromagnetic positioning to track the catheter trajectory in real time, the insertion angle was precisely adjusted, successfully overcoming difficult catheterization caused by gastric looping and liver compression. Postoperatively, progressive enteral nutrition support was delivered through the nasojejunal tube, significantly improving the child's nutritional status and reducing the risks of gastric retention and aspiration.