变化环境下城市水文学的发展与挑战——I.城市水文效应

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摘要全球气候变化和快速城市化导致的城市水循环过程变化是当前城市水文学研究的热点问题。为综合理解城市水循环演变过程，结合城市水文学的发展历程，剖析水循环过程对快速城市化进程的响应机制。总结了国内外城市化水文效应的主要成果，包括城市化对水循环过程、洪涝灾害、水生态系统以及水资源的影响。系统归纳了城市化水文效应的评估方法和技术手段。针对现有研究中的不足，指出变化环境下城市化水文效应研究面临的主要挑战及关键技术难题，提出未来研究的重点方向，如城市化降水效应的机理、不透水面的分布及有效性评估、城市化与水生态系统的响应关系与综合城市水资源管理及需水预测等。

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	张建云
	宋晓猛
	王国庆
	贺瑞敏
	王小军

关键词 ：城市水文学, 水循环, 水环境, 水生态, 水资源, 水文模型

Abstract：The change in the natural hydrologic processes impacted by global climate change and rapid urban expansion is a hotspot issue in the field of urban hydrology. To understand the evolvement rules of urban water cycle, we discuss the development in urban hydrology, and reveal the response mechanism of hydrological processes in urban environment. Then, we summarize the advances in the effect of urbanization on hydrological regime, including hydrological cycle and water resources management, water quality and environment, and water ecosystem. There have been significant recent advances in the measurement and modeling the hydrological responses to urban expansion, with technologies such as experiments and hydrological models. Despite the advances, many new challenges in urban hydrology remain, especially in a changing environment, which impose a requirement to ensure that sustainable urban development are adaptable and resilient to changes. Further researches into the spatio-temporal dynamics response of urban rainfall, causes of urban extreme storm, quantification of the effects of urbanization on hydrological response and water ecosystem, and urban water management are required to pay more attention to. Urban hydrology will play a critical role in addressing these challenges, to support scientific foundations for establishing eco-city and ensuring water safety for cities.

Key words： urban hydrology hydrological cycle water environment water ecosystem water resources hydrological model

收稿日期: 2014-01-07

中图分类号:	TV11
	P343.9
	G353.11

基金资助:

国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划）资助项目（2010CB951103）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（41330854）

通讯作者: 宋晓猛，E-mail： xmsong@nhri.cn E-mail: xmsong@nhri.cn

作者简介: 张建云（1957-），男，江苏沛县人，中国工程院院士，主要从事气候变化、水文水资源方面研究。 E-mail:jyzhang@nhri.cn

引用本文:

张建云, 宋晓猛, 王国庆, 贺瑞敏, 王小军. 变化环境下城市水文学的发展与挑战——I.城市水文效应[J]. 水科学进展, 2014, 25(4): 594-605. ZHANG Jianyun, SONG Xiaomeng, WANG Guoqing, HE Ruimin, WANG Xiaojun. Development and challenges of urban hydrology in a changing environment：I：Hydrological response to urbanization. Advances in Water Science, 2014, 25(4): 594-605.

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http://journal16.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_skxjz/CN/ 或 http://journal16.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_skxjz/CN/Y2014/V25/I4/594

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