In the Changning–Weiyuan National Shale Gas Demonstration Area of southern Sichuan Basin, volumetric fracturing technology is commonly used in shale gas production, and the fracturing fluid consumption and proppant (quartz sand ceramsite) consumption per horizontal well are in the range of 4×104–5×104 m3 and 2.5×103–3.0×103 t, respectively. In the process of shale gas drainage and production after fracturing is completed, fracturing flowback fluid causes different degrees of corrosion to surface drainage process and surface gathering and transportation system and may result in equipment and pipeline failures, which may impact safe operation of the production system. In order to improve the safe operation level of the shale gas gathering and transportation system, this paper studies the corrosion behaviors and control measures of the shale gas gathering and transportation system in the southern Sichuan Basin by means of corrosion environment and production performance analysis, material failure evaluation and optimization, bactericide/corrosion inhibitor application and production technological parameter control & optimization, based on PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company's natural gas corrosion control technology supporting platform. And the following research results were obtained. First, shale gas gathering and transportation system corrosion in the southern Sichuan Basin mainly includes erosion corrosion and electrochemical corrosion. Second, erosion corrosion mainly happens at the technological process inside the shale gas station, which appears as continuous mechanical wear by sand grains at bends, tee joints, valves and other parts. Third, electrochemical corrosion mainly happens at the gas gathering pipeline outside the shale gas station, which is embodied as the joint corrosion of CO2 and sulfate reducing bacteria in the environment of liquid loading. Fourth, erosion corrosion can be controlled effectively by increasing the desanding efficiency and optimizing the process design. Fifth, electrochemical corrosion can be controlled effectively by injecting bactericide/corrosion inhibitor and taking supporting production management measures. Sixth, corrosion evaluation and control of shale gas gathering and transportation system shall be initially considered in the design stage. In conclusion, by virtue of the developed comprehensive corrosion control technology of shale gas gathering and transportation system which integrates material selection, equipment structure optimization, corrosion medium treatment and operation technological parameter optimization & control, the corrosion failure of the shale gas gathering and transportation system in the southern Sichuan Basin is alleviated effectively and the safe operation level is improved.