In order to understand the root causes that affect the production performance of high and ultra-high pressure gas wells, this paper selected multiple cores from the carbonate gas reservoirs in the M Block of ??the Amu Darya Basin, Turkmenistan to carry out multi-round stress sensitivity experiments under variable confining pressure, depletion development experiments, CT scanning experiments and three-dimensional digital core simulation experiments. Then, the production characteristics of high and ultra-high pressure gas wells were analyzed in detail, and the effects of fractures of different occurrences and their development degrees on gas well productivity were studied. Finally, reasonable development countermeasures for the high and ultra-high pressure gas reservoirs in the carbonate gas field of the M Block in the early development stage were put forward. And the following research results were obtained. First, stress sensitivity experiments show that the stress sensitivity of porous and vuggy cores is moderately weak and that of fractured-porous cores is strong. In addition, the irreversible permeability damage rate is high and mainly concentrated in the initial stage of pressurization. Second, the elastic expansion of rocks is the main drive energy in the early exploitation stage of high and ultra-high pressure gas reservoirs. Third, as for high and ultra-high pressure gas reservoirs, it is necessary to control the gas production rate in the early stage of development, which is beneficial to reduce the decline amplitude of gas well productivity and increase the intermediate degree of reserve recovery. Fourth, the initial productivity of the gas wells in fractured-porous reservoirs is mainly affected by the fracture development degree, and the decline amplitude of gas well productivity is mainly dominated by the fracture occurrence. Fifth, for the reservoirs dominated by the low-angle fractures, after the formation pressure drops, the fractures get closed easily and the gas well productivity decreases rapidly. Therefore, the production pressure difference shall be strictly controlled in the early stage of development. Sixth, before the formation pressure drops to 45 MPa, it is necessary to keep the production pressure difference of most gas wells in the high and ultra-high pressure gas reservoirs of the Amu Darya Basin less than 5 MPa. It is concluded that the newly established method has certain generality and can provide reference for the optimal development of high and ultra-high pressure gas reservoirs in the other regions.